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Phylogeny of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Author(s) -
Janjic Jessica,
Packer Laurence
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
systematic entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.552
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1365-3113
pISSN - 0307-6970
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2003.00204.x
Subject(s) - halictidae , biology , subgenus , hymenoptera , genus , taxon , zoology , range (aeronautics) , phylogenetics , squamata , taxonomy (biology) , apoidea , ecology , biochemistry , materials science , composite material , gene
. A phylogeny for genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) is reconstructed from morphological characters, using all species, with four representatives of Agapostemonini as outgroup taxa. Parsimony analysis using 150 unordered characters resulted in eighteen equally parsimonious trees, a strict consensus of which is highly resolved for Agapostemon . Based on this analysis, Agapostemonoides Roberts & Brooks is returned to generic status, and a new subgenus is described: Notagapostemon , which includes the rhopalocerus , heterurus , atrocaeruleus , erebus , kohliellus , nasutus and intermedius groups of Moure & Hurd. Species groups are proposed for Notagapostemon and revised in A. (Agapostemon) . Agapostemon cockerelli Crawford is synonymized with A. obliquus (Provancher), A. epichryseus (Morelos) with A. leunculus Vachal, A. inca Roberts with A. heterurus Cockerell, A. hispaniolicus Roberts female with A. centratus (Vachal) and A. hispaniolicus Roberts male with A. alayoi Roberts. Optimization of known behaviours suggests communal ancestry for the genus and infers the prevalence of this behaviour in Agapostemon . Optimization of geographical range suggests a Central American or Caribbean origin of Agapostemon , with one invasion of North America and multiple invasions of South America and the Caribbean. One invasion of the Caribbean suggests arrival from North America via Florida.