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Vaccine‐Induced Th1‐Type Responses are Dominant over Th2‐Type Responses in the Short Term whereas Pre‐existing Th2 Responses are Dominant in the Longer Term
Author(s) -
Germain J. P. Fernando,
Trina J. Stewart,
Robert W. Tindle,
Ian H. Frazer
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00327.x
Subject(s) - ctl* , adjuvant , immunology , antibody response , antigen , cytotoxic t cell , immune system , immunization , antibody , biology , medicine , virology , cd8 , in vitro , genetics
The effect of adjuvant on induction of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a antibody was studied in C57BL/6 J mice immunized with various adjuvants and E7 protein. Quil‐A adjuvant, but not complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or Algammulin, induced a T‐helper 1 (Th1)‐type response to E7, which was characterized by CTL activity against a tumour cell line transfected with E7 protein and by E7‐specific IgG 2a . All tested adjuvants elicited comparable levels of E7‐specific IgG 1 . The longest duration and greatest magnitude of CTL response was seen following two immunizations with the highest dose of E7 and Quil‐A. Simultaneous immunization with a Th1 and a T helper 2 (Th2)‐promoting adjuvant gave a Th1‐type response. However, E7 and Quil‐A were unable to induce a Th1‐type response (as measured by the inability to generate anti‐E7 IgG 2a antibody) in animals with a pre‐existing Th2‐type response to E7. These results suggest that saponin adjuvants may be suitable for immunotherapy in humans where a Th1‐type response is sought, provided that there is no pre‐existing Th2‐type response to the antigen.