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Amplification of T‐Cell and Antibody Responses in DNA‐Based Immunization with HIV‐1 Nef by Co‐Injection with a GM‐CSF Expression Vector
Author(s) -
SVANHOLM C.,
LÖWENADLER B.,
WIGZELL H.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-130.x
Subject(s) - dna vaccination , plasmid , antibody , immune system , virology , granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor , immunization , vector (molecular biology) , biology , viral vector , cytokine , neutralizing antibody , microbiology and biotechnology , naked dna , immunology , dna , gene , recombinant dna , genetics
Intradermal inoculation of mice with naked plasmid DNA encoding the regulatory HIV‐1 Nef protein was shown to induce Nef‐specific T and B cell responses. Co‐inoculation with an expression vector encoding murine granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), a cytokine known to facilitate the induction of primary immune responses, resulted in a markedly enhanced response to Nef. This was manifested both as an increase in Nef‐specific T cell responses and antibody levels. DNA immunization with the Nef and GM‐CSF vectors induced primarily a Th1 response as judged by the raised levels of both IFN‐γ and IL‐2 from re‐stimulated T cells. The immunostimulatory activity of GM‐CSF DNA was locally restricted and was observed only if both plasmid vectors were injected at the same site.