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Syringopeptins, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae phytotoxins, resemble syringomycin in closing stomata
Author(s) -
DI GIORGIO D.,
CAMONI L.,
MOTT K. A.,
TAKEMOTO J. Y.,
BALLIO A.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
plant pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.928
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-3059
pISSN - 0032-0862
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-153.x
Subject(s) - pseudomonas syringae , phytotoxin , biology , botany , abscisic acid , vicia faba , toxin , fusicoccin , metabolite , pseudomonadaceae , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , pseudomonas , bacteria , gene , atpase , enzyme , genetics
The recent finding that syringomycin (SR) and syringotoxin (ST)‐producing isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae also synthesize syringopeptins (SPs), another class of phytotoxic lipodepsipeptides, prompted studies of the biological properties and comparisons of the activities of the two groups of metabolites. The present paper reports the effects of two forms of SP on stomatal movement in detached leaves of Xanthium strumarium and in epidermal strips of Vicia faba and shows that these phytotoxins, as does the previously investigated SR, promote stomatal closure. SPs are at least 10‐fold more efficient than SR in both tissues. In epidermal strips, the toxin‐induced closure was not reversed by fusicoccin, a fungal metabolite that reversed the closing effects of abscisic acid. As reported in previous papers, these amphiphilic toxins affect several functions of biological membranes. A marked decrease in the rate of photosynthesis recorded in X. strumarium leaves treated with SPs is consistent with effects on biological membranes.