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Influence of carbon dioxide enrichment, ozone and nitrogen fertilization on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf and root composition
Author(s) -
Booker F. L.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
plant, cell and environment
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.646
H-Index - 200
eISSN - 1365-3040
pISSN - 0140-7791
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00576.x
Subject(s) - chemistry , nitrogen , carbon dioxide , horticulture , starch , zoology , ozone , condensed tannin , charcoal , composition (language) , human fertilization , botany , proanthocyanidin , agronomy , biology , antioxidant , food science , polyphenol , biochemistry , organic chemistry , linguistics , philosophy
The objective of this study was to test whether elevated [CO 2 ], [O 3 ] and nitrogen (N) fertility altered leaf mass per area (LMPA), non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC), N, lignin (LTGA) and proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves and roots. Cotton was grown in 14 dm 3 pots with either sufficient (0·8 g N dm − 3 ) or deficient (0·4 and 0·2 g N dm − 3 ) N fertilization, and treated in open‐top chambers with either ambient or elevated ( + 175 and + 350 μ mol mol − 1 ) [CO 2 ] in combination with either charcoal‐filtered air (CF) or non‐filtered air plus 1·5 times ambient [O 3 ]. At about 50 d after planting, LMPA, starch and PA concentrations in canopy leaves were as much as 51–72% higher in plants treated with elevated [CO 2 ] compared with plants treated with ambient [CO 2 ], whereas leaf N concentration was 29% lower in elevated [CO 2 ]‐treated plants compared with controls. None of the treatments had a major effect on LTGA concentrations on a TNC‐free mass basis. LMPA and starch levels were up to 48% lower in plants treated with elevated [O 3 ] and ambient [CO 2 ] compared with CF controls, although the elevated [O 3 ] effect was diminished when plants were treated concurrently with elevated [CO 2 ]. On a total mass basis, leaf N and PA concentrations were higher in samples treated with elevated [O 3 ] in ambient [CO 2 ], but the difference was much reduced by elevated [CO 2 ]. On a TNC‐free basis, however, elevated [O 3 ] had little effect on tissue N and PA concentrations. Fertilization treatments resulted in higher PA and lower N concentrations in tissues from the deficient N fertility treatments. The experiment showed that suppression by elevated [O 3 ] of LMPA and starch was largely prevented by elevated [CO 2 ], and that interpretation of [CO 2 ] and [O 3 ] effects should include comparisons on a TNC‐free basis. Overall, the experiment indicated that allocation to starch and PA may be related to how environmental factors affect source–sink relationships in plants, although the effects of elevated [O 3 ] on secondary metabolites differed in this respect.