Sustained response to interferon‐α2a monotherapy of young blood donors with minimal‐to‐mild chronic hepatitis C

Subjects with minimal‐to‐mild chronic hepatitis C may suffer long‐term consequences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Nonetheless, they are not candidates for antiviral treatment, mainly because little data are available concerning the efficacy and safety of therapy. Thirty‐two HCV RNA positive individuals aged 18–45 years, who had a histological activity index score ≤ 8 and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≤ 1.5 times lower than the normal limit for at least 1 year, were prospectively enrolled among a cohort of 35358 candidate blood donors, and treated with 4.5 mega units (MU) of recombinant interferon‐α2a (IFN‐α2a) thrice weekly for 6 months, and for an additional 6 months if a virological response was observed. Twelve months after the completion of treatment, 13 of 31 evaluable patients were HCV RNA negative, accounting for a sustained response rate of 42%. Patients without fibrosis had a lower response rate than those with mild fibrosis (two of 14 vs 11 of 17; P =0.012). In responders, median aminotransferase levels were significantly lower after therapy than before (11.04 ± 3.98 vs 27.3 ± 12.32 U l −1 , respectively; P  < 0.005). When the analysis was limited to the six responders whose pretreatment aminotransferase levels were consistently normal, this difference was still significant (9.33 ± 4.12 vs 20.58 ± 6.73 U l −1 ; P =0.002). In conclusion, a durable suppression of viraemia can be obtained by IFN monotherapy in a relatively high proportion of young subjects with minimal‐to‐mild chronic hepatitis C, especially when portal fibrosis is found on liver biopsy. The disappearance of viraemia always leads to a reduction in the degree of hepatocellular necrosis.