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Anthelmintic paraherquamides are cholinergic antagonists in gastrointestinal nematodes and mammals
Author(s) -
Zinser, Erich W.,
Wolf, Mark L.,
AlexanderBowman, Susan J.,
Thomas, Eileen M.,
Davis, John P.,
Groppi, Vincent E.,
Lee, Byung H.,
Thompson, David P.,
Geary, Timothy G.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00423.x
Subject(s) - nicotinic agonist , mecamylamine , cholinergic , pharmacology , acetylcholine , anthelmintic , nicotinic antagonist , neuromuscular transmission , biology , ascaris suum , chemistry , receptor , endocrinology , biochemistry , immunology , ecology , helminths
Oxindole alkaloids in the paraherquamide/marcfortine family exhibit broad‐spectrum anthelmintic activity that includes drug‐resistant strains of nematodes. Paraherquamide (PHQ), 2‐deoxoparaherquamide (2DPHQ), and close structural analogs of these compounds rapidly induce flaccid paralysis in parasitic nematodes in vitro , without affecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The mechanism of action of this anthelmintic class was investigated using muscle tension and microelectrode recording techniques in isolated body wall segments of Ascaris suum . None of the compounds altered A. suum muscle tension or membrane potential. However, PHQ blocked (when applied before) or reversed (when applied after) depolarizing contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and the nicotinic agonists levamisole and morantel. These effects were mimicked by the nicotinic ganglionic blocker mecamylamine, suggesting that the anthelmintic activity of PHQ and marcfortines is due to blockade of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. The effects of these compounds were also examined on subtypes of human nicotinic ACh receptors expressed in mammalian cells with a Ca 2+ flux assay. 2DPHQ blocked nicotinic stimulation of cells expressing α3 ganglionic (IC50 ∼ 9 µ m ) and muscle‐type (IC50 ∼ 3 µ m ) nicotinic cholinergic receptors, but was inactive at 100 µ m vs. the α7 CNS subtype. PHQ anthelmintics are nicotinic cholinergic antagonists in both nematodes and mammals, and this mechanism appears to underlie both their efficacy and toxicity.