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Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in exotic and domestic avian species
Author(s) -
Tell L.,
Harrenstien L.,
Wetzlich S.,
Needham M.,
Nappier J.,
Hoffman G.,
Caputo J.,
Craigmill A.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00124.x
Subject(s) - ceftiofur , amazon rainforest , pharmacokinetics , zoology , veterinary medicine , body weight , biology , medicine , pharmacology , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , cephalosporin , ecology , antibiotics
The pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium were determined in domestic chicks, turkey poults, adult cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus ), and adult orange‐winged Amazon parrots ( Amazona amazonica ) after subcutaneous (chicks and turkey poults) and intramuscular (i.m.) dosing (cockatiels and Amazon parrots). Turkey poult data were best fit to a single exponential model with disappearance half‐lives ( t 1/2 ) of 8.6, 7.4 and 5.6 h after doses of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE)/poult, respectively. Data from chicks were best fit to a biexponential model with primary and secondary half‐lives of 2.2 and 7.5, 3.7 and 6.8, and 3.8 and 5.3 h after doses of 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg CFAE/chick, respectively. Cockatiel and Amazon parrot data were best fit to a biexponential model with primary and secondary half‐lives of 0.28 and 2.5, and 0.93 and 7.9 h, respectively, after doses of 10 mg CFAE/kg body weight. The maximum concentration ( C max ) and area under the concentration time curve ( AUC ) in chicks and poults were dose‐proportional. The C max for cockatiels was 5.2 μg/mL and for Amazon parrots was 11 μg/mL. Clearance in cockatiels and Amazon parrots were 11.3 and 3.8 mL/min/kg, respectively, and reflected the much greater AUC seen in Amazon parrots. Clearance values of ceftiofur were similar in chicks and Amazon parrots, slightly greater in turkey poults and greatest in cockatiels. These results indicate that pharmacokinetic differences must be considered when establishing dosage regimens for different avian species.