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Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur and metabolites after single intravenous and intramuscular administration and multiple intramuscular administrations of ceftiofur sodium to sheep
Author(s) -
Craigmill A. L.,
Brown S. A.,
Wetzlich S. E.,
Gustafson C. R.,
Arndt T. S.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00820.x
Subject(s) - ceftiofur , pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , intramuscular injection , medicine , cephalosporin , anesthesia , chemistry , antibiotics , biochemistry
Twenty‐four sheep (38.0–54.1 kg body wt) were allocated into four treatment groups and dosed with ceftiofur sodium at 1.1 mg ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE)/kg or 2.2 CFAE/kg using a complete two‐route (intravenous, i.v.; intramuscular, i.m.), two‐period crossover design, with a two‐week washout between injections. After another two‐week washout period, 12 sheep were selected and dosed with ceftiofur sodium i.m. for five consecutive days at either 1.1 or 2.2 mg CFAE/kg. After all injections, blood samples were obtained serially for determination of serum concentrations of ceftiofur and metabolites. The terminal phase half‐lives derived from the last 3–5 concentration‐time points were 350 and 292 min (harmonic means) after i.v. doses of 1.1 and 2.2 mg/kg, respectively, and 389 and 459 min after i.m. doses of 1.1 and 2.2 mg/kg, respectively. The i.m. bioavailability of ceftiofur sodium in sheep was 100%, and the area under the curve from time 0 to the limit of quantitation ( AUC 0–LOQ ) was dose‐proportional from 1.1–2.2 mg CFAE/kg body wt in sheep. After 5 daily i.m. doses of ceftiofur sodium at either 1.1 or 2.2 mg CFAE/kg there was minimal accumulation of drug in serum as assessed by the observed maximum serum concentration ( C max ), and serum concentrations were dose‐proportional after the multiple dosing regimen.