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Quantitative comparison of images and transforms
Author(s) -
Saxton W. O.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.3380884.x
Subject(s) - pixel , fourier transform , image (mathematics) , noise (video) , measure (data warehouse) , artificial intelligence , simple (philosophy) , pattern recognition (psychology) , mathematics , computer science , significant difference , algorithm , statistics , computer vision , mathematical analysis , data mining , philosophy , epistemology
Many different measures are currently used for quantifying the difference between pairs of images. Those in common use are surveyed, their interrelationships are made clear and their dependence on transform band‐width pointed out. Adaptations to image transforms, with complex data, are given. For comparing simulated with experimental images, the χ 2 difference is recommended as allowing a simple prediction of the likelihood of obtaining at random a difference as great as that actually obtained. In particular, the χ 2 difference in Fourier space is shown to be the only interpretable difference measure available in cases when the image noise is not normally distributed or when — as is normally the case — the noise in neighbouring image pixels is not independent.