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Observation of vortices in metal‐ and oxide‐superconductors using electron waves
Author(s) -
}$ Tonomura$^{
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.00321.x
Subject(s) - vortex , superconductivity , electron holography , condensed matter physics , physics , electron microscope , electron , lorentz force , magnetic field , pinning force , holography , type ii superconductor , optics , quantum mechanics , critical current , thermodynamics
Magnetic vortices in superconductors were directly and dynamically observed using electron waves; magnetic lines of force of vortices were measured by holographic interference microscopy and the dynamics of vortices were observed by Lorentz microscopy. The interaction between vortices and defects in superconductors was observed.