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The dietary intake of people with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes (NIDDM): how valid is self‐reported intake?
Author(s) -
Alexandra Adams
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of human nutrition and dietetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1365-277X
pISSN - 0952-3871
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-277x.1998.00110.x
Subject(s) - medicine , basal metabolic rate , diabetes mellitus , nutrient , excretion , energy expenditure , food intake , urine , zoology , endocrinology , doubly labeled water , biology , ecology
Background: In diabetes care, an accurate assessment of dietary intake is essential for clinical management. This study assessed the validity of dietary records from people with NIDDM by comparing reported energy and protein intakes with estimated total energy expenditure (TEE) and urinary nitrogen excretion. Method: To assess energy and nutrient intake 185 patients kept dietary records for two 3‐day periods. Basal metabolic rate (BMR est ) was estimated to calculate reported energy intake/BMR est . Appropriate age and sex‐specific physical activity levels (PAL=TEE/BMR) from published doubly‐labelled water studies of TEE, were used to calculate a cut‐off PAL for energy intake/BMR est , below which intakes were statistically unlikely to be valid. A subgroup (46 patients) collected a complete 24‐h urine sample to compare nitrogen excretion with protein intake. Results: The mean value of energy intake/BMR est (1.14±0.3) was markedly below the calculated cut‐off point (1.58±0.06) suggesting widespread underreporting. Protein intake (82.5±21.3) was also lower than estimated protein losses (92.5±19.4). Obese and female NIDDS were more likely to underreport and their intakes were closer to the diabetes dietary recommendations. Conclusion: This study found that people with NIDDM were likely to underreport their food intake.