Humans, information and science

The use of information forms the basis of nursing policies, standards and professional codes of conduct Although used intuitively, nurses must now also grapple empirically with information needs often defined by others, and with the technology used to capture and process it Even the briefest contemplation of ‘information’ reveals a truly pervasive concept Information is ubiquitous In order to care effectively in the so‐called ‘information age’ health care professionals need to understand information This paper is a small contribution to that effort, attempting to conjoin the disparate fields of health and the information sciences, and the basic sciences upon which they are based This paper explores how definitions of information formulated in computing and communication theory relate to health and other aspects of human experience The strategy adopted to achieve this is threefold First, there is the vexed question of defining data, information and knowledge Second, I consider how communication — that essential nursing activity — relates to information, meaning and the messages people seek to convey to each other Thirdly, clinical situations are described in an information‐oriented manner, using the concepts of ‘redundancy’ and ‘entropy’ The conclusion provides an historical perspective