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Granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor induces the differentiation of murine erythroleukaemia cells into dendritic cells
Author(s) -
Xuetao Cao,
Yong Zhao,
Yizhi Yu,
Yuliang Wang,
M Zhang,
W Zhang,
J Wang
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00566.x
Subject(s) - biology , granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor , immune system , dendritic cell , cd40 , immunology , antigen , microbiology and biotechnology , antigen presenting cell , immunotherapy , macrophage , cytotoxic t cell , cytokine , t cell , in vitro , biochemistry
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC) within the immune system and antigen‐pulsed DC can be used as an effective vaccine for active immunotherapy of cancer. Granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) plays an important role in the generation of DC. We previously showed that GM‐CSF can induce murine erythroleukaemia cells (FBL‐3) to differentiate into monocyte‐like cells. To develop a new vaccinating method to stimulate the host immune response to leukaemia, we further investigate whether FBL‐3 cells induced by GM‐CSF can differentiate into DC in the present study. After being treated with GM‐CSF, FBL‐3 cells expressed high levels of 33D1 and NLDC‐145, which are the specific markers of DC. The expression of MHC‐II, B7‐1, B7‐2 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) was up‐regulated markedly; the typical morphology of DC were also observed by electron microscopy. Functionally, the GM‐CSF‐induced FBL‐3 cells could apparently stimulate the proliferation of naive allogeneic and autologous T lymphocytes and induce the generation of specific CTL more efficiently than the wild‐type FBL‐3 cells. Mice immunized with GM‐CSF‐induced FBL‐3 cells could resist the subsequent challenge with the wild‐type FBL‐3 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that GM‐CSF differentiates murine erythroleukaemia cells into DC phenotypically, morphologically and functionally. FBL‐3‐derived DC can be used as a new type of vaccine. Our results may have important implications for the immunotherapy of leukaemia.