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The importance of MHC‐I and MHC‐II responses in vaccine efficacy against lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 challenge
Author(s) -
GHIASI H.,
ROOPENIAN D. C.,
SLANINA S.,
CAI S.,
NESBURN A. B.,
WECHSLER S. L.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00261.x
Subject(s) - virology , herpes simplex virus , biology , major histocompatibility complex , vaccine efficacy , immunology , virus , antigen , vaccination
To investigate the importance of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I‐ and MHC class II‐dependent immune responses in herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) vaccine efficacy, groups of β 2 m° / ° (MHC I – ) and A b ° / ° (MHC II – ) mice were inoculated with various vaccines, and then challenged intraperitoneally with HSV‐1. Following vaccination with either live avirulent HSV‐1, expressed HSV‐1 glycoprotein D (gD), or a mixture of seven expressed HSV‐1 glycoproteins (7gPs), A b ° / ° (MHC‐II – ) mice developed no enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or neutralizing antibody titres. In contrast, significant ELISA and neutralizing antibody titres were induced in β 2 m° / ° (MHC‐I – ) mice by all three vaccines. The neutralizing antibody titres were similar for all three vaccines, but were only ≈ 1/4 to 1/3 of that developed in C57BL/6 (parental) mice vaccinated with the same antigens. All three vaccines protected 100% of the wild‐type C57BL/6 mice against lethal challenge with 2×10 7 plaque‐forming units (PFU) of HSV‐1. The live virus vaccine and the 7gPs vaccine also protected 80% of the β 2 m° / ° mice against the same lethal HSV‐1 challenge dose. In contrast, in A b ° / ° mice, none of the vaccines provided significant protection against the same lethal challenge dose of HSV‐1. However, at a lower challenge dose of 2×10 6 PFU, all three vaccines protected 70–80% of the vaccinated A b ° / ° mice (compared to only 10% survival in mock vaccinated controls). Thus, vaccination provided some protection against lethal HSV‐1 challenge in both β 2 m° / ° and A b ° / ° mice; however, the protection was less than that seen in the parental C57BL/6 mice. In addition, A b ° / ° mice were less well protected by vaccination than were β 2 m° / ° mice. Our results suggest that (1) both MHC‐I and MHC‐II are involved in vaccine efficacy against HSV‐1 challenge; (2) both types of responses must be present for maximum vaccine efficacy; and (3) the MHC‐II‐dependent immune response appeared to be more important than the MHC‐I‐dependent immune response for vaccine efficacy against HSV‐1 challenge.