Sward height, structure and leaf extension rate of Lolium perenne pastures when grazed by overwintering barnacle geese

The grazing of agricultural pastures during winter and spring by geese is considered an important agricultural problem in parts of the U.K. This study describes the sward structure, leaf extension and senescence rates of Lolium perenne ‐dominated pastures that are frequently grazed by barnacle geese ( Branta leucopsis ) during winter in South‐west Scotland, as well as the conducting of a field experiment that simulated grazing to investigate the effects of defoliation. Gross leaf extension and senescence rates were strongly related to temperature, daylength and average tiller size, resulting in positive values of net leaf extension rate per tiller for most of the winter. Total tiller length declined from November to January but increased from January to April. Sward height, however, declined consistently from October to April, suggesting that swards were becoming trampled by repeated visits by flocks of geese over this time. The structure of individual tillers was found to vary slightly over the winter, with tillers becoming more dominated by younger leaves towards the end of the winter. Experimental defoliation of tillers suggested that absolute leaf extension rates did not respond in an under‐ or over‐compensatory manner, even when tillers were nearly completely defoliated. The results suggested that sward structure and leaf extension rates are not unduly affected by repeated grazing by overwintering geese and that short‐term depletion and trampling are the main impacts.