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Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: hypersensitivity to oxypurinol but not allopurinol
Author(s) -
Hiroko Hamanaka,
Hideki Mizutani,
Nobuhiro Nouchi,
Yuma Shimizu,
Masayuki Shimizu
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
clinical and experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1365-2230
pISSN - 0307-6938
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2230.1998.00311.x
Subject(s) - allopurinol , xanthine oxidase , medicine , uric acid , gout , xanthine oxidase inhibitor , pharmacology , hypersensitivity reaction , delayed hypersensitivity , immunology , chemistry , biochemistry , enzyme , antigen
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor widely used to control plasma uric acid levels. Episodes of hypersensitivity to the drug are not rare. A severe form of this with a generalized exanthem, fever and liver involvement has been termed the allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). 1 , 2 Patch testing and lymphocyte stimulation testing (LST) are not helpful in confirming this sensitivity. Allopurinol works as a substrate of xanthine oxidase, and is rapidly oxidized into oxypurinol in vivo . Therefore, the biological half‐life of oxypurinol is markedly longer than that of allopurinol. In addition, conspicuous pre‐existing renal impairment has been noted in many AHS patients. Thus, it is possible that AHS is a manifestation of hypersensitivity to oxy‐, not allopurinol. Here, we now report three cases of AHS in which there were significant lymphoproliferative reactions to oxypurinol but not allopurinol.