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Coadministration of voriconazole and phenytoin: pharmacokinetic interaction, safety, and toleration
Author(s) -
Purkins Lynn,
Wood Nolan,
Ghahramani Parviz,
Love Edward R.,
Eve Malcolm D.,
Fielding Anitra
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
british journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.216
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1365-2125
pISSN - 0306-5251
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01997.x
Subject(s) - phenytoin , voriconazole , pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , medicine , toleration , epilepsy , antifungal , dermatology , psychiatry , politics , political science , law
Aims Voriconazole is a new triazole antifungal agent, and is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and, to a lesser extent, by CYP3A4. Phenytoin is an inducer of CYP3A4 activity, and a substrate and inducer of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. The present studies investigated the pharmacokinetic interactions of voriconazole and phenytoin when coadministered. Methods Two placebo‐controlled parallel‐group studies were conducted in healthy male volunteers. Study A was an open‐label study and investigated the effect of phenytoin (300 mg once daily) on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of voriconazole (200 mg and 400 mg twice daily). Study B was a double‐blind randomized study to investigate the effects of voriconazole (400 mg twice daily) on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (300 mg once daily). C max and AUC τ were compared at days 7, 21, and 28 (Study A), and at days 7 and 17 (Study B). All adverse events were recorded. Results Study A : 21 subjects were evaluable (10 voriconazole + phenytoin, 11 voriconazole + placebo). For subjects receiving voriconazole (200 mg twice daily) plus phenytoin, the day 21/day 7 ratios for voriconazole C max and AUC τ were 60.7%[90% confidence interval (CI) 50.1, 73.6] and 35.9% (90% CI 29.7, 43.3), respectively. Adjusted for voriconazole + placebo, the ratios between the means were 50.7% (90% CI 38.8, 66.1) and 30.6% (90% CI 23.5, 39.7), respectively. When the dose of voriconazole was increased to 400 mg twice daily, the day 28/day 7 ratios for voriconazole C max and AUC τ were 134% (90% CI 89.2, 200) and 139% (90% CI 97.3, 199), respectively. Study B : 15 subjects were evaluable for pharmacokinetic assessments (six phenytoin + voriconazole, nine phenytoin + placebo). The ratios between the means for phenytoin + voriconazole/phenytoin + placebo on day 17 vs. day 7 were: phenytoin C max 167% (90% CI 144, 193) and phenytoin AUC τ 181% (90% CI 156, 210). All treatments were well tolerated: most adverse events were mild/moderate and transient. Conclusions Repeat dose administration of phenytoin decreased the mean steady‐state C max and AUC τ of voriconazole by approximately 50% and 70%, respectively. Increasing the dose of voriconazole from 200 mg to 400 mg b.d. compensated for this effect. Repeat dose administration of 400 mg b.d. voriconazole increased the mean steady‐state C max and AUC τ of phenytoin by approximately 70% and 80%, respectively. It is therefore recommended that plasma phenytoin concentrations are monitored and the dose adjusted as appropriate when phenytoin is coadministered with voriconazole.