Premium
Cyclo‐oxygenase isoenzymes: physiological and pharmacological role
Author(s) -
Kam P. C. A.,
See A. UL.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
anaesthesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.839
H-Index - 117
eISSN - 1365-2044
pISSN - 0003-2409
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01271.x
Subject(s) - medicine , gene isoform , isozyme , enzyme , pharmacology , arachidonic acid , prostaglandin , inflammation , kidney , adverse effect , biochemistry , immunology , biology , gene
Prostaglandins play important roles in inflammation and the maintenance of normal physiological function of several organ systems. Prostaglandin production requires the conversion of arachidonic acid to the intermediate prostaglandin H 2 catalysed by the cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) enzyme. There are two isoforms of the COX enzyme, COX‐1 and COX‐2. These isoforms vary in their distribution and expression but are similar in size, substrate specificity and kinetics. Normal physiological functions are mediated by ‘constitutive’ COX‐1, while the inflammatory response is mediated by ‘inducible’ COX‐2. Current nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs inhibit both enzymes to varying degrees and can cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, respiratory system and platelets. Newer, selective COX‐2 inhibitors offer real hope for safer anti‐inflammatory drugs although their long‐term safety and efficacy need to be studied as questions remain unanswered about possible physiological functions of COX‐2.