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Implication of nitric oxide synthase activity in the genesis of water immersion stress‐induced gastric lesions in rats: the protective effects of FK506
Author(s) -
HISANAGA Y.,
GOTO H.,
TACHI K.,
HAYAKAWA T.,
SUGIYAMA S.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.108279000.x
Subject(s) - nitric oxide synthase , medicine , gastric mucosa , sodium nitroprusside , nitric oxide , endocrinology , pharmacology , stomach
Background : Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent cytoprotective substance of gastric mucosa. FK506, an immunosuppressive drug, shows anti‐gastric ulcer effects equivalent to famotidine, an H 2 blocker, in rats. This study was designed to evaluate the cytoprotective mechanism of FK506 on gastric mucosa in relation to the changes in NO synthase activity. Methods : Gastric lesions were induced in rats by water immersion stress. Changes in NO synthase activity during water immersion stress treatment, and effects of FK506 on NO synthase activity were determined enzymatically. Gastric mucosal interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐2 were measured by immunoradiometric assay. Gastric mucosal blood flow was measured by hydrogen gas clearance technique. Results : FK506 mitigated gastric lesions developed by water immersion stress. Stress‐induced lesions were exacerbated by N G ‐monomethyl‐ L ‐arginine ( L ‐NMMA), a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, while sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, mitigated the lesions. Water immersion stress increased NO synthase activity in the early phase (0.5 h after stress treatment) and decreased it in the late phase (6 h after). Decrease in NO synthase activity in the late phase was significantly mitigated by FK506, though it did not affect changes in NO synthase activity in the early phase. Water immersion stress increased gastric mucosal IL‐1β and IL‐2 contents 6 h after stress treatment, and these increases were prevented by FK506. FK506 itself did not affect gastric mucosal blood flow. L ‐NMMA treatment significantly decreased gastric mucosal blood flow. In contrast, gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly increased by sodium nitroprusside. Conclusions : Increase in NO synthase activity might contribute to cytoprotection, and a decrease in activity might be a harmful factor for the gastric mucosa. Preservation of NO synthase activity by FK506 might be involved in FK506's protective effects on the gastric mucosa.