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Social networks as mediators of the effect of Alcoholics Anonymous
Author(s) -
Kaskutas Lee Ann,
Bond Jason,
Humphreys Keith
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00118.x
Subject(s) - abstinence , social support , alcoholics anonymous , logistic regression , psychology , alcohol , longitudinal study , social network (sociolinguistics) , addiction , clinical psychology , psychiatry , demography , medicine , social psychology , biochemistry , chemistry , pathology , sociology , political science , law , social media
Aims This study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) involvement and reduced substance use is partially explained (or ‘mediated’) by changes in social networks. Design This is a naturalistic longitudinal study of the course of alcohol problems. Setting Study sites were the 10 largest public and private alcohol treatment programs in a northern California county. Participants Three hundred and seventy‐seven men and 277 women were recruited upon seeking treatment at study sites. Measurements At baseline and 1‐year follow‐up, we assessed alcohol consequences and dependence symptoms, consumption, social support for abstinence, pro‐drinking social influences and AA involvement. Findings In the structural equation model, AA involvement was a significant predictor of lower alcohol consumption and fewer related problems. The size of this effect decreased by 36% when network size and support for drinking were included as mediators. In logistic regression models predicting abstinence at follow‐up, AA remained highly significant after including social network variables but was again reduced in magnitude. Thirty‐day abstinence was predicted by AA involvement (OR = 2.9), not having pro‐drinking influences in one's network (OR = 0.7) and having support for reducing consumption from people met in AA (versus no support; OR = 3.4). In contrast, having support from non‐AA members was not a significant predictor of abstinence. For alcohol‐related outcomes other than abstinence, significant relationships were found for both AA‐based and non‐AA‐based support. Conclusions The type of social support specifically given by AA members, such as 24‐hour availability, role modeling and experientially based advice for staying sober, may help to explain AA's mechanism of action. Results highlight the value of focusing on outcomes reflective of AA's goals (such as abstinence) when studying how AA works.