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Calcium signalling in stomatal responses to pollutants
Author(s) -
McAinsh Martin R.,
Evans Nicky H.,
Montgomery Lucy T.,
North Kathryn A.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00336.x
Subject(s) - guard cell , abscisic acid , pollutant , ozone , oxidative stress , chemistry , biochemistry , gene , organic chemistry
Summary Stomatal responses to air pollutants are complex, varying among species and with concentration, environmental conditions and age. In general, short‐term exposure to sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) promotes stomatal opening, whereas longer‐term exposure can cause partial stomatal closure. By contrast, the effects of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) are often small or insignificant. The effects of ozone, and oxidative stress, are equally complex. Short‐term exposure to ozone stimulates a rapid reduction in stomatal aperture, whilst longer‐term exposure causes stomatal responses to become sluggish. The response of stomata to abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to be slower in plants exposed to a combination of SO 2 and NO 2 suggesting an adverse effect on guard cell ABA signal transduction. In addition, ozone causes a reduction in stomatal closure under drought conditions. There is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that air pollutants and oxidative stresses can have a marked effect on the Ca 2+ homeostasis of guard cells and the intracellular machinery responsible for stomatal movements. Here we discuss the effects of air pollutants on stomatal responses and their possible effects on Ca 2+ based signalling in guard cells focusing on the effects of ozone and oxidative stress.