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Enzyme alchemy: cell-free synthetic biochemistry for natural products
Author(s) -
Simon Moore
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
emerging topics in life sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2397-8562
pISSN - 2397-8554
DOI - 10.1042/etls20190083
Subject(s) - synthetic biology , natural product , biochemical engineering , biotransformation , living cell , metabolic engineering , cell free protein synthesis , biosynthesis , cell , natural (archaeology) , biochemistry , enzyme , computational biology , chemistry , biology , protein biosynthesis , engineering , microbiology and biotechnology , paleontology
Cell-free synthetic biochemistry aims to engineer chemical biology by exploiting biosynthetic dexterity outside of the constraints of a living cell. One particular use is for making natural products, where cell-free systems have initially demonstrated feasibility in the biosynthesis of a range of complex natural products classes. This has shown key advantages over total synthesis, such as increased yield, enhanced regioselectivity, use of reduced temperatures and less reaction steps. Uniquely, cell-free synthetic biochemistry represents a new area that seeks to advance upon these efforts and is particularly useful for defining novel synthetic pathways to replace natural routes and optimising the production of complex natural product targets from low-cost precursors. Key challenges and opportunities will include finding solutions to scaled-up cell-free biosynthesis, as well as the targeting of high value and toxic natural products that remain challenging to make either through whole-cell biotransformation platforms or total synthesis routes. Although underexplored, cell-free synthetic biochemistry could also be used to develop 'non-natural' natural products or so-called xenobiotics for novel antibiotics and drugs, which can be difficult to engineer directly within a living cell.

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