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Expression of enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism during the early development of Xenopus tropicalis
Author(s) -
Tindall Andrew J.,
Morris Ian D.,
Pownall Mary E.,
Isaacs Harry V.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
biology of the cell
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.543
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1768-322X
pISSN - 0248-4900
DOI - 10.1042/bc20060074
Subject(s) - biology , notochord , endocrinology , medicine , xenopus , thyroid , deiodinase , metamorphosis , iodothyronine deiodinase , neurula , dio2 , hormone , embryogenesis , embryo , microbiology and biotechnology , triiodothyronine , genetics , gene , gastrulation , botany , larva
Background information . There are significant indications that amphibians require TH (thyroid hormones) prior to their involvement in the regulation of metamorphosis and before the development of a functional thyroid. Results . In order to investigate the potential role for TH in pre‐metamorphic Xenopus tropicalis we have cloned cDNAs for, and analysed the expression of, TPO (thyroid peroxidase), 5′DII (type II iodothyronine deiodinase) and 5DIII (type III iodothyronine deiodinase), enzymes involved in TH metabolism. Zygotic expression of TPO was detected in neurula stage embryos. Expression was observed in the notochord and later in the thyroid. The notochord was also a common site of expression for 5 ′ DII and 5DIII . Other sites of 5 ′ DII expression are the otic vesicles, retina, liver, blood‐forming region, branchial arches and brain. 5DIII is also expressed in the brain, retina, liver, developing pro‐nephros, blood‐forming region and branchial arches. Embryos exposed to the TPO inhibitor methimazole showed a distinctive dose‐dependent phenotype of a crimped notochord and shortened axis, together with alterations in 125 I − uptake. Conclusions . These data suggest a novel extrathyroidal role for TH during early development, and support the proposal that embryos require thyroid signalling for normal development prior to metamorphosis.