Quantitative relation between photocatalytic activity and degree of 〈001〉 orientation for anatase TiO2 thin films

We demonstrate a quantitative relation between exposed crystal surfaces and photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. Thin films with controlled amount of 〈001〉 preferential orientation were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere with the partial O2 pressure as control parameter. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, from which the degree of preferential 〈001〉 orientation and exposed facets were determined by an extension of the March–Dollase model. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye shows that the photocatalytic reaction rate increases approximately with the square of the fraction of 〈001〉 oriented surfaces, with about eight times higher rate on the {001} surfaces, than on {101}, thus quantifying the effect of crystal facet abundancy on the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2