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Entering neurons: botulinum toxins and synaptic vesicle recycling
Author(s) -
Verderio Claudia,
Rossetto Ornella,
Grumelli Carlotta,
Frassoni Carolina,
Montecucco Cesare,
Matteoli Michela
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
embo reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.584
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1469-3178
pISSN - 1469-221X
DOI - 10.1038/sj.embor.7400796
Subject(s) - synaptic vesicle , neurotransmitter , exocytosis , cholinergic , free nerve ending , biology , synaptic vesicle recycling , neurotransmission , vesicle , synaptotagmin 1 , microbiology and biotechnology , neuromuscular junction , neuroscience , receptor , central nervous system , biochemistry , anatomy , membrane
Botulinum toxins are metalloproteases that act inside nerve terminals and block neurotransmitter release through their cleavage of components of the exocytosis machinery. These toxins are used to treat human diseases that are characterized by hyperfunction of cholinergic terminals. Recently, evidence has accumulated that gangliosides and synaptic vesicle proteins cooperate to mediate toxin binding to the presynaptic terminal. The differential distribution of synaptic vesicle protein receptors, gangliosides and toxin substrates in distinct neuronal populations opens up the possibility of using different serotypes of botulinum toxins for the treatment of central nervous system diseases caused by altered activity of selected neuronal populations.