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Transcription in four dimensions: nuclear receptor‐directed initiation of gene expression
Author(s) -
Métivier Raphaël,
Reid George,
Gan Frank
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
embo reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.584
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1469-3178
pISSN - 1469-221X
DOI - 10.1038/sj.embor.7400626
Subject(s) - biology , transcription (linguistics) , promoter , gene expression , general transcription factor , transcription factor , cis regulatory module , gene , chromatin , regulation of gene expression , genetics , transcription coregulator , chromatin immunoprecipitation , taf2 , e box , microbiology and biotechnology , eukaryotic transcription , tcf4 , computational biology , philosophy , linguistics
Regulated gene expression, achieved through the coordinated assembly of transcription factors, co‐regulators and the basal transcription machinery on promoters, is an initial step in accomplishing cell specificity and homeostasis. Traditional models of transcriptional regulation tend to be static, although gene expression profiles change with time to adapt to developmental and environmental cues. Furthermore, biochemical and structural studies have determined that initiation of transcription progresses through a series of ordered events. By integrating time into the analysis of transcription, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and live‐cell imaging techniques have revealed the dynamic, cooperative, functionally redundant and cyclical nature of gene expression. In this review, we present a dynamic model of gene transcription that integrates data obtained by these two techniques.