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HMGB1 is an endogenous immune adjuvant released by necrotic cells
Author(s) -
RovereQuerini Patrizia,
Capobianco Annalisa,
Scaffidi Paola,
Valentinis Barbara,
Catalanotti Federica,
Giazzon Marta,
Dumitriu Ingrid E,
Müller Susanne,
Iannacone Matteo,
Traversari Catia,
Bianchi Marco E,
Manfredi Angelo A
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
embo reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.584
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1469-3178
pISSN - 1469-221X
DOI - 10.1038/sj.embor.7400205
Subject(s) - hmgb1 , innate immune system , biology , adjuvant , immune system , antigen , endogeny , antigen presenting cell , immunology , innate lymphoid cell , antibody , microbiology and biotechnology , t cell , inflammation , biochemistry
Immune responses against pathogens require that microbial components promote the activation of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Autoimmune diseases and graft rejections occur in the absence of pathogens; in these conditions, endogenous molecules, the so‐called ‘innate adjuvants’, activate APCs. Necrotic cells contain and release innate adjuvants; necrotic cells also release high‐mobility group B1 protein (HMGB1), an abundant and conserved constituent of vertebrate nuclei. Here, we show that necrotic HMGB1 −/− cells have a reduced ability to activate APCs, and HMGB1 blockade reduces the activation induced by necrotic wild‐type cell supernatants. In vivo , HMGB1 enhances the primary antibody responses to soluble antigens and transforms poorly immunogenic apoptotic lymphoma cells into efficient vaccines.