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The cellular prion protein, PrP C , is neuroprotective in a number of settings and in particular prevents cerebellar degeneration mediated by CNS‐expressed Doppel or internally deleted PrP (‘ΔPrP’). This paradigm has facilitated mapping of activity determinants in PrP C  and implicated a cryptic PrP C ‐like protein, ‘π’. Shadoo (Sho) is a hypothetical GPI‐anchored protein encoded by the  Sprn  gene, exhibiting homology and domain organization similar to the N‐terminus of PrP. Here we demonstrate  Sprn  expression and Sho protein in the adult CNS. Sho expression overlaps PrP C , but is low in cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) containing PrP C  and high in PrP C ‐deficient dendritic processes. In  Prnp  0/0  CGNs, Sho transgenes were PrP C ‐like in their ability to counteract neurotoxic effects of either Doppel or ΔPrP. Additionally, prion‐infected mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in endogenous Sho protein. Sho is a candidate for π, and since it engenders a PrP C ‐like neuroprotective activity, compromised neuroprotective activity resulting from reduced levels may exacerbate damage in prion infections. Sho may prove useful in deciphering several unresolved facets of prion biology.

The CNS glycoprotein Shadoo has PrP C ‐like protective properties and displays reduced levels in prion infections