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Fast‐scanning atomic force microscopy reveals the ATP/ADP‐dependent conformational changes of GroEL
Author(s) -
Yokokawa Masatoshi,
Wada Chieko,
Ando Toshio,
Sakai Nobuaki,
Yagi Akira,
Yoshimura Shige H,
Takeyasu Kunio
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601326
Subject(s) - groel , biology , biophysics , microscopy , atomic force microscopy , adenosine triphosphate , biochemistry , materials science , nanotechnology , escherichia coli , physics , gene , optics
In order to fold non‐native proteins, chaperonin GroEL undergoes numerous conformational changes and GroES binding in the ATP‐dependent reaction cycle. We constructed the real‐time three‐dimensional‐observation system at high resolution using a newly developed fast‐scanning atomic force microscope. Using this system, we visualized the GroES binding to and dissociation from individual GroEL with a lifetime of 6 s ( k =0.17 s −1 ). We also caught ATP/ADP‐induced open–closed conformational changes of individual GroEL in the absence of qGroES and substrate proteins. Namely, the ATP/ADP‐bound GroEL can change its conformation ‘from closed to open’ without additional ATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, the lifetime of open conformation in the presence of ADP (∼1.0 s) was apparently lower than those of ATP and ATP‐analogs (2–3 s), meaning that ADP‐bound open‐form is structurally less stable than ATP‐bound open‐form. These results indicate that GroEL has at least two distinct open‐conformations in the presence of nucleotide; ATP‐bound prehydrolysis open‐form and ADP‐bound open‐form, and the ATP hydrolysis in open‐form destabilizes its open‐conformation and induces the ‘from open to closed’ conformational change of GroEL.