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Activation of cardiac Cdk9 represses PGC‐1 and confers a predisposition to heart failure
Author(s) -
Sano Motoaki,
Wang Sam C,
Shirai Manabu,
Scaglia Fernando,
Xie Min,
Sakai Satoshi,
Tanaka Toru,
Kulkarni Prathit A,
Barger Philip M,
Youker Keith A,
Taffet George E,
Hamamori Yasuo,
Michael Lloyd H,
Craigen William J,
Schneider Michael D
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600351
Subject(s) - biology , cyclin a , cyclin , p tefb , cyclin d , microbiology and biotechnology , rna polymerase ii , coactivator , cancer research , transcription factor , apoptosis , promoter , gene expression , cell cycle , biochemistry , gene
Hypertrophy allows the heart to adapt to workload but culminates in later pump failure; how it is achieved remains uncertain. Previously, we showed that hypertrophy is accompanied by activation of cyclin T/Cdk9, which phosphorylates the C‐terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, stimulating transcription elongation and pre‐mRNA processing; Cdk9 activity was required for hypertrophy in culture, whereas heart‐specific activation of Cdk9 by cyclin T1 provoked hypertrophy in mice. Here, we report that αMHC‐cyclin T1 mice appear normal at baseline yet suffer fulminant apoptotic cardiomyopathy when challenged by mechanical stress or signaling by the G‐protein Gq. At pathophysiological levels, Cdk9 activity suppresses many genes for mitochondrial proteins including master regulators of mitochondrial function (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC‐1), nuclear respiratory factor‐1). In culture, cyclin T1/Cdk9 suppresses PGC‐1, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, and sensitizes cardiomyocytes to apoptosis, effects rescued by exogenous PGC‐1. Cyclin T1/Cdk9 inhibits PGC‐1 promoter activity and preinitiation complex assembly. Thus, chronic activation of Cdk9 causes not only cardiomyocyte enlargement but also defective mitochondrial function, via diminished PGC‐1 transcription, and a resulting susceptibility to apoptotic cardiomyopathy.