Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity

Background and purpose: The most common preclinical models of neuropathic pain involve surgical ligation of sensory nerves, which is especially difficult in mice. Transient models of chemically sensitized allodynia are potentially useful for rapidly characterizing the analgesic profile of compounds and conducting mechanistic studies. Experimental approach: Increasing doses of NMDA, sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 prostaglandin receptor agonist) or phenylephrine (an α 1 adrenoceptor agonist) were injected intrathecally (i.t.) or i.p., and animals were subsequently assessed for allodynia. The effects of receptor antagonists and analgesic compounds on allodynia were also assessed. Key results: A comparison of total body doses that cause allodynia following spinal or systemic administration indicated that NMDA induces allodynia in the spinal cord while sulprostone and phenylephrine act through a peripheral mechanism. Inhibition of the allodynia with receptor antagonists indicated that each agent induces allodynia by a distinct mechanism. The three models were benchmarked using compounds known to be active in neuropathic pain patients and nerve injury animal models, including gabapentin, amitriptyline and clonidine. Conclusions and implications: These transient allodynia models are a useful addition to the toolbox of preclinical pain models. They are simple, rapid and reproducible, and will be especially useful for characterizing the pain phenotype of knockout mice. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153 , 769–774; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707412 ; published online 13 August 2007