Mechanism of actions of sumatriptan on coronary flow before and after endothelial dysfunction in guinea‐pig isolated heart

The mechanism of action of sumatriptan on coronary flow was examined before and after two different forms of endothelial ablation in guinea‐pig isolated hearts. The mechanism was assessed in terms of the influence of the integrity of the coronary endothelium, the role of release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium, and the receptor subtypes mediating the effects. Continuous perfusion with sumatriptan reduced coronary flow, but the concentration‐response curve was v‐shaped. Sumatriptan (0.001–0.1 μ m ) caused a concentration‐dependent decrease in coronary flow with the maximum effect achieved at 0.23±0.04 μ m . The pEC 50 was 8.49±0.07. At higher concentrations (0.1–10 μ m ) there was a concentration‐dependent diminution of the vasoconstrictor effect. Endothelial ablation by saponin removed the diminution in the vasoconstrictor effect. In contrast, pretreatment with N G ‐nitro l ‐arginine methyl ester ( l ‐NAME) (100 μ m , 45 min perfusion) did not affect it. This was despite both saponin and l ‐NAME being effective in reducing basal release of NO into the coronary effluent (measured by chemiluminescence) to the same extent (71±3 and 73±2%, respectively). GR127935, a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1D (5‐HT 1D ) receptor antagonist (3 and 10 n m ), which by itself had no effect on coronary flow or NO release, antagonized the vasoconstrictor response to sumatriptan and unmasked a sumatriptan‐induced concentration‐dependent increase in coronary flow and NO release. These increases in coronary flow and NO release were abolished by pretreatment with either saponin or l ‐NAME. Mesulergine, a 5‐HT 2 receptor antagonist which had no effect by itself on basal coronary flow or NO release, inhibited the vasodilator response to sumatriptan that occurred in the presence of GR127935, and actually enhanced the vasoconstrictor response, increasing the maximum fall in coronary flow from −3.9±0.4 to −5.2±0.4 ml min −1 g −1 ( P <0.05). The diminution of vasoconstrictor effect of sumatriptan was abolished by mesulergine and by pretreatment with saponin, but not by l ‐NAME. In conclusion, guinea‐pig coronary arteries constrict to low concentrations of sumatriptan, causing a reduction in coronary flow. This effect appears to be caused by 5‐HT 1D agonism with the receptors located on the coronary vascular smooth muscle. With higher concentrations of sumatriptan this is partially offset by a weaker vasodilator effect, which is caused by low affinity 5‐HT 2 agonism. Although this effect is endothelium‐dependent, it is not caused by the release of NO. Interestingly, when the vasoconstrictor effect of sumatriptan was inhibited by the 5‐HT 1D antagonist GR127935, a high affinity vasodilator effect of sumatriptan was unmasked. This is 5‐HT 2 receptor mediated and is caused by release of NO from the coronary endothelium. In man, sumatriptan and 5‐HT may both be capable of causing pathogenic coronary vasoconstriction. The implications of the present data are that the scope for this may depend greatly on (i) the extent of underlying endothelial dysfunction, (ii) the extent of endothelial 5‐HT 2 receptor‐mediated release of vasodilator autacoids (which include NO) and (iii) the extent of smooth muscle 5‐HT 1D receptor‐mediated vasoconstriction.British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120 , 1039–1048; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701009