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We investigated three bovine respiratory pathobionts in healthy cattle using qPCR optimised and validated to quantify  Histophilus somni ,  Mannheimia haemolytica  and  Pasteurella multocida  over a wide dynamic range. A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the carriage and density of these bacteria in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves (N = 60) housed over winter in an experimental farm setting. The three pathobiont species exhibited remarkably different carriage rates and density profiles. At housing, high carriage rates were observed for  P .  multocida  (95%), and  H .  somni  (75%), while fewer calves were positive for  M .  haemolytica  (13%). Carriage rates for all three bacterial species declined over the 75-day study, but not all individuals became colonised despite sharing of environment and airspace. Colonisation patterns ranged from continuous to intermittent and were different among pathobiont species. Interval-censored exponential survival models estimated the median duration of  H .  somni  and  P .  multocida  carriage at 14.8 (CI 95% : 10.6–20.9) and 55.5 (CI 95% : 43.3–71.3) days respectively, and found higher density  P .  multocida  carriage was associated with slower clearance (p = 0.036). This work offers insights into the dynamics of pathobiont carriage and provides a potential platform for further data collection and modelling studies.

Insights into Pasteurellaceae carriage dynamics in the nasal passages of healthy beef calves