Open AccessCombination of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists derepress infectious bursal disease virus vaccine-induced immunosuppression in the chicken
Author(s) -
Khalid Bashir,
Deepthi Kappala,
Yogendra Singh,
Javeed Dar,
Asok Kumar Mariappan,
Ajay Kumar,
Narayanan Krishnaswamy,
Sohini Dey,
Madhan Mohan Chellappa,
T. K. Goswami,
Vivek Kumar Gupta,
Saravanan Ramakrishnan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
scientific reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.24
H-Index - 213
ISSN - 2045-2322
DOI - 10.1038/s41598-019-44578-5
Subject(s) - infectious bursal disease , immunosuppression , virus , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , virology , tlr2 , specific pathogen free , infectious bronchitis virus , immunology , biology , immune system , medicine , virulence , innate immune system , in vitro , gene , biochemistry
Live intermediate plus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines (hot vaccines) are used for protection against the virulent IBDV strains in young chickens. We evaluated the potential of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists to alleviate hot vaccine-induced immunosuppression. The combination of Pam3CSK4 and poly I:C synergistically upregulated IFN-β , IFN-γ , IL-12 , IL-4 , and IL-13 transcripts and cross-inhibited IL-1β , IL-10 , and iNOS transcripts in the chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Further, four-week old specific pathogen free White Leghorn chickens ( n = 60) were randomly divided into six groups and either immunized with hot IBDV vaccine with or without Pam3CSK4 and/or poly I:C or not vaccinated to serve as controls. The results indicated that poly I:C alone and in combination with Pam3CSK4 alleviated vaccine-induced immunosuppression, as evidenced by greater weight gain, increased overall antibody responses to both sheep erythrocytes and live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, upregulated IFN-γ transcripts and nitric oxide production by PBMCs ( P < 0.05), and lower bursal lesion score in the experimental birds. In conclusion, poly I:C alone and its combination with Pam3CSK4 reduced the destruction of B cells as well as bursal damage with restoration of function of T cells and macrophages when used with a hot IBDV vaccine.