Open AccessImproved Detection of Cytokines Produced by Invariant NKT Cells
Author(s) -
Duygu Sağ,
Mustafa Özkan,
Mitchell Kronenberg,
Gerhard Wingender
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
scientific reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.24
H-Index - 213
ISSN - 2045-2322
DOI - 10.1038/s41598-017-16832-1
Subject(s) - ex vivo , natural killer t cell , in vivo , in vitro , immunology , cytokine , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , t cell , immune system , biochemistry
Invariant Natural killer T ( i NKT) cells rapidly produce copious amounts of multiple cytokines after in vivo activation, allowing for the direct detection of a number of cytokines directly ex vivo . However, for some cytokines this approach is suboptimal. Here, we report technical variations that allow the improved detection of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A ex vivo . Furthermore, we describe an alternative approach for stimulation of i NKT cells in vitro that allows a significantly improved detection of cytokines produced by i NKT cells. Together, these protocols allow the detection of i NKT cell cytokines ex vivo and in vitro with increased sensitivity.