Bactericidal metabolites from Phellinus noxius HN-1 against Microcystis aeruginosa

Harmful algal blooms cause serious problems worldwide due to large quantities of cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in eutrophic water. In this study, a new compound named 2-(3, 4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-1, 3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde (Compound 1 ), together with one known compound, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL), was purified from Phellinus noxius HN-1 (CCTCC M 2016242). Compound 1 and DBL displayed activity against the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa with a half maximal effective concentration of 21 and 5 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the compounds caused serious damage and significant lysis to M. aeruginosa cells. qRT-PCR assay indicated that compound 1 and DBL exposure up-regulated the expression of gene mcyB and down-regulated the expression of genes ftsZ , psbA1 , and glmS in M. aeruginosa . This study provides the first evidence of bactericidal activity of a new compound and DBL. In summary, our results suggest that compound 1 and DBL might be developed as naturally-based biocontrol agents.