Open AccessGene regulatory programmes of tissue regeneration
Author(s) -
Joseph Goldman,
Kenneth D. Poss
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
nature reviews. genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 26.214
H-Index - 365
eISSN - 1471-0064
pISSN - 1471-0056
DOI - 10.1038/s41576-020-0239-7
Subject(s) - biology , regeneration (biology) , context (archaeology) , morphogenesis , chromatin , microbiology and biotechnology , enhancer , gene , regulation of gene expression , lineage (genetic) , embryonic stem cell , gene expression , evolutionary biology , genetics , paleontology
Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace lost or damaged tissue, and regenerative capacity can vary greatly among species, tissues and life stages. Tissue regeneration shares certain hallmarks of embryonic development, in that lineage-specific factors can be repurposed upon injury to initiate morphogenesis; however, many differences exist between regeneration and embryogenesis. Recent studies of regenerating tissues in laboratory model organisms - such as acoel worms, frogs, fish and mice - have revealed that chromatin structure, dedicated enhancers and transcriptional networks are regulated in a context-specific manner to control key gene expression programmes. A deeper mechanistic understanding of the gene regulatory networks of regeneration pathways might ultimately enable their targeted reactivation as a means to treat human injuries and degenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider the regeneration of body parts across a range of tissues and species to explore common themes and potentially exploitable elements.