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Impact of Intra‐ and Extra‐Osseous Soft Tissue Composition on Changes in Bone Mineral Density With Weight Loss and Regain
Author(s) -
BosyWestphal Anja,
Later Wiebke,
Schautz Britta,
Lagerpusch Merit,
Goele Kristin,
Heller Martin,
Glüer ClausC.,
Müller Manfred J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2011.40
Subject(s) - bone mineral , adipose tissue , medicine , weight loss , soft tissue , pelvis , bone density , magnetic resonance imaging , endocrinology , composition (language) , anatomy , osteoporosis , surgery , obesity , radiology , linguistics , philosophy
Recent studies report a significant gain in bone mineral density (BMD) after diet‐induced weight loss. This might be explained by a measurement artefact. We therefore investigated the impact of intra‐ and extra‐osseous soft tissue composition on bone measurements by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a longitudinal study of diet‐induced weight loss and regain in 55 women and 17 men (19–46 years, BMI 28.2–46.8 kg/m 2 ). Total and regional BMD were measured before and after 12.7 ± 2.2 week diet‐induced weight loss and 6 months after significant weight regain (≥30%). Hydration of fat free mass (FFM) was assessed by a 3‐compartment model. Skeletal muscle (SM) mass, extra‐osseous adipose tissue, and bone marrow were measured by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mean weight loss was −9.2 ± 4.4 kg ( P < 0.001) and was followed by weight regain in a subgroup of 24 subjects (+6.3 ± 2.9 kg; P < 0.001). With weight loss, bone marrow and extra‐osseous adipose tissue decreased whereas BMD increased at the total body, lumbar spine, and the legs (women only) but decreased at the pelvis (men only, all P < 0.05). The decrease in BMD pelvis correlated with the loss in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) ( P < 0.05). Increases in BMD legs were reversed after weight regain and inversely correlated with BMD legs decreases. No other associations between changes in BMD and intra‐ or extra‐osseous soft tissue composition were found. In conclusion, changes in extra‐osseous soft tissue composition had a minor contribution to changes in BMD with weight loss and decreases in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) were not related to changes in BMD.