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Adiposity and β‐Cell Function: Relationships Differ With Ethnicity and Age
Author(s) -
ChandlerLaney Paula C.,
Phadke Radhika P.,
Granger Wesley M.,
Muñoz Julian A.,
Man Chaira,
Cobelli Claudio,
Ovalle Fernando,
Fernández Jose R.,
Gower Barbara A.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2010.44
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , obesity , insulin resistance , adipose tissue , postmenopausal women , basal (medicine) , insulin , body mass index
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher among African Americans (AA) vs. European Americans (EA), is highest at middle age, and is related to obesity. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the association of adiposity (percent body fat (%fat)) with indexes of insulin sensitivity ( S I ) and β‐cell function would differ with ethnicity and age. Subjects were 168 healthy, normoglycemic AA and EA girls and women aged 7–12 years, 18–32 years, and 40–70 years. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was used to assess indexes of insulin secretion and action: S I , acute C‐peptide secretion (X0); basal, first‐phase, second‐phase, and total β‐cell responsivity to glucose (PhiB, Phi1, Phi2, and Phi TOT , respectively); and the disposition index (DI = S I × Phi TOT ). %Fat was assessed with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometrys. Adiposity was significantly associated with S I among EA (−0.57, P < 0.001) but not AA (−0.20, P = 0.09). Adiposity appeared stimulatory to β‐cell function in the two groups of younger subjects and in EA, but inhibitory in postmenopausal women, particularly AA postmenopausal women. Among AA postmenopausal women, %fat was inversely associated with Phi1 ( r = −0.57, P < 0.05) and Phi TOT ( r = −0.68, P < 0.01). These results suggest that the impact of adiposity on insulin secretion and action differs with age and ethnicity.