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Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Adiposity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Obese African‐American and Latino Youth
Author(s) -
Hasson Rebecca E.,
Adam Tanja C.,
Davis Jaimie N.,
Kelly Louise A.,
Ventura Emily E.,
ByrdWilliams Courtney E.,
ToledoCorral Claudia M.,
Roberts Christian K.,
Lane Christianne J.,
Azen Stanley P.,
Chou ChihPing,
SpruijtMetz Donna,
Weigensberg Mark J.,
Berhane Kiros,
Goran Michael I.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2010.343
Subject(s) - medicine , insulin resistance , randomized controlled trial , resistin , insulin , endocrinology , obesity , adipokine
The purpose of this study was to examine ethnic differences in the metabolic responses to a 16‐week intervention designed to improve insulin sensitivity (SI), adiposity, and inflammation in obese African‐American and Latino adolescents. A total of 100 participants (African Americans: n = 48, Latino: n = 52; age: 15.4 ± 1.1 years, BMI percentile: 97.3 ± 3.3) were randomly assigned to interventions: control (C; n = 30), nutrition (N; n = 39, 1×/week focused on decreasing sugar and increasing fiber intake), or nutrition + strength training (N+ST; n = 31, 2×/week). The following were measured at pre‐ and postintervention: strength, dietary intake, body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging) and glucose/insulin indexes (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)/intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT)) and inflammatory markers. Overall, N compared to C and N+ST reported significant improvements in SI (+16.5% vs. −32.3% vs. −6.9% respectively, P < 0.01) and disposition index (DI: +15.5% vs. −14.2% vs. −13.7% respectively, P < 0.01). N+ST compared to C and N reported significant reductions in hepatic fat fraction (HFF: −27.3% vs. −4.3% vs. 0% respectively, P < 0.01). Compared to N, N+ST reported reductions in plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) (−38.3% vs. +1.0%, P < 0.01) and resistin (−18.7% vs. +11.3%, P = 0.02). There were no intervention effects for all other measures of adiposity or inflammation. Significant intervention by ethnicity interactions were found for African Americans in the N group who reported increases in total fat mass, 2‐h glucose and glucose incremental areas under the curve (IAUC) compared to Latinos ( P 's < 0.05). These interventions yielded differential effects with N reporting favorable improvements in SI and DI and N+ST reporting marked reductions in HFF and inflammation. Both ethnic groups had significant improvements in metabolic health; however some improvements were not seen in African Americans.