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Changes in Nitric Oxide, cGMP, and Nitrotyrosine Concentrations Over Skin Along the Meridians in Obese Subjects
Author(s) -
Ma ShengXing,
Li XiYan,
Smith Brian T.,
Jou NainnTsyr
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2010.294
Subject(s) - nitric oxide , medicine , nitrotyrosine , endocrinology , cardiology , nitric oxide synthase
The purposes of these studies were to quantify the concentrations of total nitrate and nitrite (NO x − ) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and nitrotyrosine over skin surface in normal weight healthy volunteers ( n = 64) compared to overweight/obese subjects ( n = 54). A semi‐circular plastic tube was taped to the skin along acupuncture points (acupoints), meridian line without acupoint (MWOP), and nonmeridian control and filled with a 2‐Phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl solution for 20 min. The concentrations of NO x − , cGMP, and nitrotyrosine in the samples were quantified in a blinded fashion using chemiluminescence and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In normal weight healthy volunteers, NO x − and cGMP concentrations were consistently increased over the pericardium meridian (PC) 4–7 compared with nonmeridian areas. NO x − concentration is enhanced over the bladder meridian (BL) 56–57, but cGMP level is similar between the regions. In overweight/obese subjects, NO x − contents were increased or tended to be elevated over PC and BL regions. cGMP is paradoxically decreased over PC acupoints and nonmeridian control on the forearm but the decreases were blunted along BL regions on the leg. Nitrotyrosine concentrations are markedly elevated (five‐ to sixfold) over both PC and BL in all areas of overweight/obese subjects. This is the first evidence showing that nitrotyrosine level is tremendously elevated over skin accompanied by paradoxical changes in nitric oxide (NO)‐cGMP concentrations over PC skin region in overweight/obese subject. The results suggest that NO‐related oxidant inflammation is systemically enhanced while cGMP generation is impaired over PC skin region but not over BL region in obesity.