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Inverse Association Between BMI and Prefrontal Metabolic Activity in Healthy Adults
Author(s) -
Volkow Nora D.,
Wang GeneJack,
Telang Frank,
Fowler Joanna S.,
Goldstein Rita Z.,
AliaKlein Nelly,
Logan Jean,
Wong Christopher,
Thanos Panayotis K.,
Ma Yemine,
Pradhan Kith
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2008.469
Subject(s) - stroop effect , effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance , prefrontal cortex , medicine , executive functions , statistical parametric mapping , cognition , anterior cingulate cortex , cognitive decline , psychology , psychiatry , dementia , magnetic resonance imaging , radiology , disease
Obesity has been associated with a higher risk for impaired cognitive function, which most likely reflects associated medical complications (i.e., cerebrovascular pathology). However, there is also evidence that in healthy individuals excess weight may adversely affect cognition (executive function, attention, and memory). Here, we measured regional brain glucose metabolism (using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2‐deoxy‐2[ 18 F]fluoro‐ d ‐glucose (FDG)) to assess the relationship between BMI and brain metabolism (marker of brain function) in 21 healthy controls (BMI range 19–37 kg/m 2 ) studied during baseline (no stimulation) and during cognitive stimulation (numerical calculations). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) revealed a significant negative correlation between BMI and metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 10, 11, 44) and cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 32) but not in other regions. Moreover, baseline metabolism in these prefrontal regions was positively associated with performance on tests of memory (California Verbal Learning Test) and executive function (Stroop Interference and Symbol Digit Modality tests). In contrast, the regional brain changes during cognitive stimulation were not associated with BMI nor with neuropsychological performance. The observed association between higher BMI and lower baseline prefrontal metabolism may underlie the impaired performance reported in healthy obese individuals on some cognitive tests of executive function. On the other hand, the lack of an association between BMI and brain metabolic activation during cognitive stimulation indicates that BMI does not influence brain glucose utilization during cognitive performance. These results further highlight the urgency to institute public health interventions to prevent obesity.