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Enhanced Effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 Plus Genistein on Adipogenesis and Apoptosis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Author(s) -
Rayalam Srujana,
DellaFera Mary Anne,
Ambati Suresh,
Yang JeongYeh,
Park Hea Jin,
Baile Clifton A.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2007.90
Subject(s) - adipogenesis , apoptosis , adipocyte , viability assay , 3t3 l1 , adipose tissue , chemistry , endocrinology , genistein , medicine , cell growth , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry
Objective: To investigate the ability of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (D) and genistein (G), alone and in combination, to inhibit adipogenesis and induce apoptosis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Methods and Procedures: 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes were incubated with various concentrations of D and G, alone and in combination, for 48 h. Viability was determined using the Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. Post‐confluent preadipocytes were incubated with D and G for up to 6 days during adipogenesis and lipid content was quantified by Nile Red dye; apoptosis was quantified by measurement of single‐stranded DNA. Expression of adipocyte‐specific proteins and VDR was analyzed by western blotting. Results: Combining D and G did not cause an enhanced effect on cell viability in either preadipocytes or mature adipocytes. In maturing preadipocytes, D at 0.5 nmol/l (D0.5) increased apoptosis by 47 ± 10.25% ( P < 0.05) and inhibited lipid accumulation by 28 ± 10% ( P < 0.001), while G at 25 μmol/l (G25) had no significant effect. However, D+G caused an enhanced apoptosis by 136 ± 12.6% ( P < 0.001) and enhanced inhibition of lipid accumulation by 82.46 ± 2.95% ( P < 0.001). Similarly, D0.5 alone decreased adipose‐specific gene 422 (aP2) expression to 34.2 ± 2.3% and increased VDR expression levels by 41.8 ± 11% ( P < 0.001), but G25 showed no effect. However, D0.5+G25 decreased aP2 expression to 52 ± 4.2% ( P < 0.05) and increased VDR expression levels by 131 ± 14.5% ( P < 0.0001). Discussion: These findings suggest that combining 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 with genistein results in an enhanced inhibition of lipid accumulation and induction of apoptosis in maturing 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes.