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Vitamin D Status and Response to Vitamin D 3 in Obese vs. Non‐obese African American Children
Author(s) -
Rajakumar Kumaravel,
Fernstrom John D.,
Holick Michael F.,
Janosky Janine E.,
Greenspan Susan L.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.438
H-Index - 199
eISSN - 1930-739X
pISSN - 1930-7381
DOI - 10.1038/oby.2007.23
Subject(s) - medicine , vitamin d and neurology , endocrinology , vitamin d deficiency , parathyroid hormone , osteocalcin , n terminal telopeptide , vitamin , urine , bone remodeling , leptin , percentile , obesity , alkaline phosphatase , calcium , biology , biochemistry , statistics , enzyme , mathematics
Background: Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is low in obese adults. Objective: To examine serum 25(OH)D in obese (BMI >95th percentile for age) vs. non‐obese (BMI = 5th–75th percentile for age) 6–10‐year‐old African American children and compare their differences in therapeutic response to vitamin D supplementation. Methods and Procedures: In an open label non‐randomized pre‐post comparison 21 obese (OB) and 20 non‐obese (non‐OB) subjects matched for age, sex, skin color, and pubertal maturation were treated with 400 IU of vitamin D 3 daily for 1 month. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), leptin, and markers of bone turnover (serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), osteocalcin (OC), and urine n ‐telopeptide cross‐links of type 1 collagen (urine NTX)) were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D ≤20 ng/ml and insufficiency as 21–29 ng/ml respectively. Results: Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 12/21 (57%) OB vs. 8/20 (40%) non‐OB at baseline ( P = 0.35) and persisted in 5/21 (24%) OB vs. 2/18 (11%) non‐OB ( P = 0.42) after treatment. When the cohort was stratified by the baseline levels of 25(OH)D, there were differences in the response to treatment in the obese and non‐obese cohorts. Discussion: Vitamin D deficiency was common among OB and non‐OB preadolescent African American children, and 400 IU of vitamin D 3 (2× the recommended adequate intake) daily for 1 month was inadequate to raise their blood levels of 25(OH)D to ≥30 ng/ml.