Open AccessIntegrative genomics of gene and metabolic regulation by estrogen receptors α and β, and their coregulators
Author(s) -
MadakErdogan Zeynep,
Charn TzeHowe,
Jiang Yan,
Liu Edison T,
Katzenellenbogen John A,
Katzenellenbogen Benita S
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular systems biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 8.523
H-Index - 148
ISSN - 1744-4292
DOI - 10.1038/msb.2013.28
Subject(s) - biology , chromatin , transcription factor , estrogen receptor , nuclear receptor , regulation of gene expression , microbiology and biotechnology , transcriptional regulation , computational biology , transcriptome , nuclear receptor coactivator 3 , gene regulatory network , coactivator , estrogen receptor alpha , genetics , gene , gene expression , breast cancer , cancer
The closely related transcription factors (TFs), estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, regulate divergent gene expression programs and proliferative outcomes in breast cancer. Utilizing breast cancer cells with ERα, ERβ, or both receptors as a model system to define the basis for differing response specification by related TFs, we show that these TFs and their key coregulators, SRC3 and RIP140, generate overlapping as well as unique chromatin‐binding and transcription‐regulating modules. Cistrome and transcriptome analyses and the use of clustering algorithms delineated 11 clusters representing different chromatin‐bound receptor and coregulator assemblies that could be functionally associated through enrichment analysis with distinct patterns of gene regulation and preferential coregulator usage, RIP140 with ERβ and SRC3 with ERα. The receptors modified each other's transcriptional effect, and ERβ countered the proliferative drive of ERα through several novel mechanisms associated with specific binding‐site clusters. Our findings delineate distinct TF‐coregulator assemblies that function as control nodes, specifying precise patterns of gene regulation, proliferation, and metabolism, as exemplified by two of the most important nuclear hormone receptors in human breast cancer.