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Human immunodeficiency virus‐1 vaccine design: where do we go now?
Author(s) -
Wijesundara Danushka K,
Jackson Ronald J,
Ramshaw Ian A,
Ranasinghe Charani
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
immunology and cell biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.999
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1440-1711
pISSN - 0818-9641
DOI - 10.1038/icb.2010.118
Subject(s) - virology , immunity , immunology , simian immunodeficiency virus , vaccination , hiv vaccine , immune system , avidity , aids vaccines , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , medicine , virus , antibody , biology , vaccine trial
Numerous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 vaccines have been developed over the last three decades, but to date an effective HIV‐1 vaccine that can be used for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes in humans has not been identified. The failures and limited successes of HIV‐1 vaccines have highlighted the gaps in our knowledge with regard to fundamental immunity against HIV‐1 and have provided insights for vaccine strategies that may be implemented for designing more effective HIV‐1 vaccines in the future. Recent studies have shown that robust mucosal immunity, high avidity and polyfunctional T cells, and broadly neutralizing antibodies are important factors governing the induction of protective immunity against HIV‐1. Furthermore, optimization of vaccine delivery methods for DNA or live viral vector‐based vaccines, elucidating the immune responses of individuals who remain resistant to HIV‐1 infections and also understanding the core immune responses mediating protection against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) and HIV‐1 in animal models following vaccination, are key aspects to be regarded for designing more effective HIV‐1 vaccines in the future.