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Plasticity of Drosophila Stat DNA binding shows an evolutionary basis for Stat transcription factor preferences
Author(s) -
Rivas María Luisa,
Cobreros Laura,
Zeidler Martin P,
Hombría James CastelliGair
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
embo reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.584
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1469-3178
pISSN - 1469-221X
DOI - 10.1038/embor.2008.170
Subject(s) - stat , stat2 , stat4 , biology , stat6 , transcription factor , stat1 , dna binding site , stat protein , nucleotide , genetics , transcription (linguistics) , dna binding protein , binding site , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , gene expression , promoter , stat3 , linguistics , philosophy
In vertebrates, seven signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins bind to palindromic sites separated by spacers of two or three nucleotides (STAT1), four nucleotides (STAT6) or three nucleotides (STAT2 to STAT5a/b). This diversity of binding sites provides specificity to counter semiredundancy and was thought to be a recent evolutionary acquisition. Here, we examine the natural DNA‐binding sites of the single Drosophila Stat and show that this is not the case. Rather, Drosophila Stat92E is able to bind to and activate target gene expression through both 3 n and 4 n spaced sites. Our experiments indicate that Stat92E has a higher binding affinity for 3 n sites than for 4 n sites and suggest that the levels of target gene expression can be modulated by insertion and/or deletion of single bases. Our results indicate that the ancestral STAT protein had the capacity to bind to 3 n and 4 n sites and that specific STAT binding preferences evolved with the radiation of the vertebrate STAT family.