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SNAIL and miR‐34a feed‐forward regulation of ZNF281/ZBP99 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Author(s) -
Hahn Stefanie,
Jackstadt Rene,
Siemens Helge,
Hünten Sabine,
Hermeking Heiko
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.1038/emboj.2013.236
Subject(s) - biology , snail , epithelial–mesenchymal transition , microbiology and biotechnology , mesenchymal stem cell , transition (genetics) , ecology , biochemistry , gene
Here, we show that expression of ZNF281/ZBP‐99 is controlled by SNAIL and miR‐34a/b/c in a coherent feed‐forward loop: the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducing factor SNAIL directly induces ZNF281 transcription and represses miR‐34a/b/c , thereby alleviating ZNF281 mRNA from direct down‐regulation by miR‐34. Furthermore, p53 activation resulted in a miR‐34a ‐dependent repression of ZNF281. Ectopic ZNF281 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells induced EMT by directly activating SNAIL , and was associated with increased migration/invasion and enhanced β‐catenin activity. Furthermore, ZNF281 induced the stemness markers LGR5 and CD133, and increased sphere formation. Conversely, experimental down‐regulation of ZNF281 resulted in mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and inhibition of migration/invasion, sphere formation and lung metastases in mice. Ectopic c‐MYC induced ZNF281 protein expression in a SNAIL‐dependent manner. Experimental inactivation of ZNF281 prevented EMT induced by c‐MYC or SNAIL. In primary CRC samples, expression of ZNF281 increased during tumour progression and correlated with recurrence. Taken together, these results identify ZNF281 as a component of EMT‐regulating networks, which contribute to metastasis formation in CRC.