Open AccessPrimate autoimmune disease models; lost for translation?
Author(s) -
't Hart Bert A
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
clinical and translational immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.321
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2050-0068
DOI - 10.1038/cti.2016.82
Subject(s) - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , multiple sclerosis , impossibility , primate , nonhuman primate , translation (biology) , disease , autoimmune disease , non human primate , neuroscience , computational biology , medicine , biology , computer science , immunology , genetics , evolutionary biology , political science , pathology , gene , messenger rna , law
Replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3R's) are the leading principles in translational research with animals. To be useful a model should also be clinically Relevant (the 4th R). Work in a non‐human primate model of multiple sclerosis, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model, reveals an inherent conflict among these 4R principles. The impossibility to harmonize all 4R's forms a major challenge when the model is applied in preclinical drug development.